Final answer:
System development activities include the participation of technical roles such as system analysts, database designers, and programmers, as well as managers, operating personnel, accountants, and auditors. Therefore, all of the mentioned groups are involved in the system development process.
Step-by-step explanation:
Participation in system development activities includes a wide variety of professionals and stakeholders. These include, but are not limited to, system analysts, database designers, and programmers who are responsible for the technical aspects of the system. Beyond these technical roles, managers and operating personnel who will work directly with the system are integral in providing practical insights and ensuring the system meets day-to-day business needs. Additionally, accountants and auditors play a crucial role in assuring that the financial aspects of the system are sound and in compliance with regulatory standards. Thus, the correct answer to the question is d. all of the above.