Final answer:
The error of rejecting a true null hypothesis is a type I error. This error occurs when we mistakenly conclude that there is a significant difference or relationship between variables when, in fact, there is none.
Step-by-step explanation:
The error of rejecting a true null hypothesis is known as a type I error. This error occurs when we mistakenly conclude that there is a significant difference or relationship between variables when, in fact, there is none. It is also referred to as a 'false positive' error. In the context of hypothesis testing, the significance level, denoted by α, represents the probability of committing a type I error.