Final answer:
Athens, located in Attica, Greece, is renowned as the cradle of democracy led by Pericles in the Classical Era. Athenian democracy was a direct system restricted to adult male citizens, which evolved as Athens became an empire-builder and achieved cultural and economic heights.
Step-by-step explanation:
Geographically, Athens is located in the region of Attica in Greece, and is widely recognized for its historical significance as the birthplace of democracy. The Athenian democracy during the time of Pericles, an influential aristocratic leader, was characterized by its direct democratic system, where adult male citizens could vote directly on legislative and executive matters.
While Athens flourished culturally and economically, especially after the defeat of the Persians that led to the construction of iconic structures like the Parthenon, it also witnessed the establishment of the Delian League, asserting its dominance over other Greek city-states. Democracy at that time was, however, limited, as it excluded women, slaves, and non-land-owning men from political participation.