Final answer:
France uses nuclear energy to achieve energy independence, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and lower carbon emissions. It manages nuclear waste with careful storage methods. Globally, nuclear power is being considered more due to its potential to address climate change, though it poses challenges including waste management and the risk of accidents.
Step-by-step explanation:
Why France Uses Nuclear Energy
France's decision to use nuclear energy as a primary energy source is largely driven by its desire to achieve energy independence and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. This strategic move has enabled France to sustain its robust economy, which comprises various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and defense-related sectors. By generating approximately 80% of its electricity through nuclear power, France has markedly decreased its need for imported oil, positioning itself as a leader in the nuclear sector while also contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions.
Managing Nuclear Waste in France
Handling nuclear waste is a significant challenge of using nuclear energy. France manages its high-level radioactive waste—comprised of used nuclear reactor fuel—through meticulous containment processes. Initially, the spent fuel is cooled by water and subsequently stored in special outdoor containers made of concrete or steel that are air-cooled. Despite no long-term storage facility in the United States, France has been working towards sustainable solutions for nuclear waste management, ensuring safety and environmental protection.
The Global Perspective on Nuclear Energy
As concerns about global warming and energy demand rise, many countries are contemplating an increased reliance on nuclear power. Countries like France are leading examples of nuclear energy use, while around 450 reactors worldwide contribute significantly to meeting global electricity needs. Debates continue over the sustainability of nuclear electricity, weighing its carbon-free advantages against long-term waste storage issues, nuclear proliferation risks, and potential environmental impacts from radiation leaks or accidents.