Final answer:
Regarding surface currents, the correct statements are that ocean currents move generally clockwise in the northern hemisphere (d) and surface ocean currents are driven by wind (e). The Coriolis deflection is not strongest at the equator (a), and gyres refer to ocean currents, not air currents (c).
Step-by-step explanation:
Let's clarify and address the statements one by one:
- Statement a suggests the Coriolis deflection is strongest at the equator, which is incorrect. The Coriolis force is actually zero at the equator and increases towards the poles.
- Statement b claims high air pressure at 30° creates both the westerlies and the northeast trade wind belts. This is partially true as high air pressure at 30° does contribute to the northeast trade winds, but it is more accurate to say that it contributes to the formation of the subtropical high-pressure belts, which give rise to both the trade winds and the westerlies.
- Statement c refers to large air currents as gyres. This is incorrect as 'gyres' specifically refer to large-scale circular ocean current systems, not air currents.
- Statement d is true, indicating ocean currents move generally clockwise in the northern hemisphere due to the Coriolis effect on wind patterns which drive these surface currents.
- The final statement e is correct, stating surface ocean currents are driven by wind. This is a fundamental concept in oceanography, where winds play a crucial role in determining the direction and strength of ocean currents.
Thus, the correct statements regarding surface currents are d and e. The impact of the Coriolis force on the climate system is significant and shapes many of the large-scale atmospheric and oceanic patterns we observe.