Final answer:
Before the rise of Islam, the people of Arabia predominantly practiced polytheism, worshipping various idols and natural objects, with Mecca's Kaaba as a major pilgrimage site. Monotheistic religions like Christianity and Judaism were also present.
Step-by-step explanation:
The spiritual life of the people of Arabia before the rise of Islam was characterized by a diverse set of beliefs and practices.
Polytheism was predominant among the Arabian tribes, with animistic elements, as they recognized a spiritual essence in natural objects and worshipped various idols and totems. Mecca, with its Kaaba sanctuary, was already an important pilgrimage site.
There were also communities of monotheistic faiths such as Christianity and Judaism firmly established in the region, influencing the society and spiritual life of the Arabian Peninsula.
The answer to the original question, regarding the spiritual life of the people of Arabia before the rise of Islam, is that b) The people of Arabia had a polytheistic belief system.