Final answer:
A legal tort involving deception with intent to deprive someone of their rights is called fraud. Ethical dilemmas such as conflicts between never lying and avoiding harm require careful consideration of moral importance. Constitutional guarantees and individual rights often challenge legal principles, especially in law enforcement and social experiments with informed consent.
Step-by-step explanation:
The legal tort that involves deception with the intent to deprive another person of their rights is known as fraud. Fraud is an intentional misrepresentation of material fact made by one party to another with knowledge of its falsity and for the purpose of inducing the other party to act, which ultimately leads to injury or damage. One of the clear examples of this can manifest in the context of contracts when one party deceives another resulting in the impairment of obligation of contracts. Resolving conflicts between two perfect duties, such as never telling a lie and avoiding harm to others, is a complex ethical dilemma. In scenarios where telling the truth would cause harm, an individual must carefully weigh the consequences of each action and determine which duty holds greater moral importance.
For instance, one might argue that in a legal framework, such principles are sometimes challenged; for example, when direct action for civil rights aims to confront unjust laws or when constitutional guarantees dictate that falsehoods about a public official require proof of actual malice for defamation claims.
Regarding law enforcement, the question of whether the police practice of interrogating individuals without notifying them of their right to counsel and protection against self-incrimination violates the Fifth Amendment is a legal issue reflecting the tension between government authority and individual rights. Situations where deception is used, such as in social experiments, must be carefully managed to ensure ethical standards are met, and harm is avoided, respecting the right to informed consent.