Final answer:
The public could propose new laws by collecting signatures on a petition through the process known as an initiative. This measure allows citizens to bypass the state legislature to create laws or amend constitutions, subject to state court review.
Step-by-step explanation:
The public could propose new laws by collecting a certain number of signatures on a petition under a measure known as the initiative. An initiative is a citizen-initiated petition process used to enact a law or amend a state constitution, bypassing the state legislature and governor, though it is subject to review by state courts for legal consistency. It was one of the reforms during the Progressive Era aimed at giving more power to the citizens and reducing the influence of special interests. In contrast to an initiative, a referendum asks voters to support or terminate an existing law, while a recall allows for the removal of an elected official from office before their term ends. The option of direct primary, which is not the correct answer to this question, pertains to an election where voters select nominees for upcoming elections.