Question

For water to travel across the cell membrane at a fast rate, the water molecules travel through protein channels from areas of high concentration to low concentration. This is an example of_.

a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Active transport
c. Osmosis
d. Endocytosis

Question 4177: Chemistry
6. Explain why the elements on the left-hand side of the periodic table give up electrons instead of receiving them.

a. They have fewer valence electrons and a tendency to lose them.
b. They have more protons and attract electrons.
c. They have a stable electron configuration.
d. They have higher ionization energy.

What happens to the charge of an atom when it loses an electron? Why?
a. It becomes positively charged because it has more protons than electrons.
b. It becomes negatively charged because it has more protons than electrons.
c. Its charge remains the same.
d. It becomes negatively charged because it has more electrons than protons.

What happens to the charge of an atom when it gains an electron? Why?
a. It becomes negatively charged because it has more electrons than protons.
b. It becomes positively charged because it has more protons than electrons.
c. Its charge remains the same.
d. It becomes positively charged because it has more electrons than protons.

Does transferring an electron change the identity of the element? Explain.
a. No, it does not change the identity of the element.
b. Yes, it changes the element into a different element.
c. It depends on the element.
d. Only if the electron is transferred to another element.

Answer 1

1. a. Facilitated diffusion - Water moves through protein channels, depicting facilitated diffusion.

2. a. They have fewer valence electrons and a tendency to lose them. - Elements on the left lose electrons; fewer valence electrons drive this tendency.

3. a. It becomes positively charged because it has more protons than electrons. - Atom loses electrons, creating a positive charge due to proton excess.

4. a. It becomes negatively charged because it has more electrons than protons. - Atom gains electrons, resulting in a negative charge from electron surplus.

5. a. No, it does not change the identity of the element. - Electron transfer maintains element identity; properties rely on the atomic number.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Facilitated Diffusion: Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of water molecules through protein channels in the cell membrane. These channels provide a facilitated pathway for water to move from regions of high concentration to low concentration, allowing for a faster rate of diffusion compared to passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer. 2.Valence Electrons and Electron Loss: Elements on the left side of the periodic table have fewer valence electrons, making it easier for them to lose electrons. This behavior is driven by the desire to achieve a stable electron configuration, typically by attaining a full outer shell. The loss of electrons contributes to the formation of positively charged ions.

3. Charge of an Atom Losing an Electron: When an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged. This is because the number of protons in the nucleus exceeds the number of electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. 4. Charge of an Atom Gaining an Electron: Conversely, when an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged. The added electron causes an imbalance, with the negatively charged electrons now outnumbering the positively charged protons.

5. Identity Change upon Electron Transfer: Electron transfer does not alter the fundamental identity of an element. The element is defined by its unique atomic number, which remains constant despite electron transfers.