Final answer:
Organisms that produce eggs and sperm engage in oogamous sexual reproduction, generating haploid gametes through meiosis. Eggs are large and non-motile, while sperm are smaller and motile. Gametes carry half the genetic information of diploid cells, contributing to genetic diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organisms that produce eggs and sperm are involved in sexual reproduction and the formation of gametes. Such organisms are oogamous, which means they produce two distinct kinds of gametes: eggs, which are generally large and non-motile, and sperm, which are smaller and motile. This is in contrast to isogamy, where the gametes are of similar size and shape, or anisogamy, where there is a size difference but both gametes are motile.
Gametes, namely sperm and ova, are haploid cells carrying one set of chromosomes, which is half the genetic material compared to the diploid somatic cells of the body. Meiosis is the process through which these haploid cells are created, ensuring genetic diversity through sexual reproduction.
In reference to the options provided in the question:
- An organism having eggs and sperm is said to be oogamous (option b).
- Sperm and ova are similar in terms of chromosome number (option c).
- The source of genetic variation in sexual reproduction that is not considered random is Tetrad alignment on the meiotic spindle (option d).
- The type of life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms that do not have a multicellular haploid stage is all heterosporous (option d).
- The definition of a species related to reproduction is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring (option d).
- Gametes are correctly identified as haploid (option b).
- External fertilization most commonly occurs in an aquatic environment (option a).