Question

Write constitutional amendment for each of the following Supreme Court case:

1) Miranda v. Arizona
2) Schenck v. United States
3) Brown v. Board of Education
4) United States v. Virginia
5) Engel v. Vitale

Answer 1

The student's question involves five Supreme Court cases: Miranda v. Arizona (Fifth and Sixth Amendments), Schenck v. United States (First Amendment), Brown v. Board of Education (Fourteenth Amendment), United States v. Virginia (Fourteenth Amendment), and Engel v. Vitale (First Amendment's Establishment Clause). Each case is tied to specific constitutional amendments and fundamental rights.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Supreme Court cases referenced in the student's question relate to constitutional amendments and landmark decisions that have shaped American law and civil rights. Here are the cases and their corresponding constitutional amendments:

1. Miranda v. Arizona involves the Fifth and Sixth Amendments, ensuring the rights against self-incrimination and to legal counsel, respectively. This case established the requirement to inform detained criminal suspects of their rights to an attorney and against self-incrimination before police questioning, known as 'Miranda rights'.
2. Schenck v. United States pertains to the First Amendment, which protects freedom of speech. However, this case established the 'clear and present danger' test, which provides limits to free speech, particularly in matters of national security during wartime.
3. Brown v. Board of Education relates to the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. This ruling declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, overturning the 'separate but equal' doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
4. United States v. Virginia also concerns the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The decision struck down the Virginia Military Institute's male-only admissions policy as unconstitutional.
5. Engel v. Vitale involves the First Amendment's Establishment Clause regarding the separation of church and state. This case ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.