Final answer:
The false statement is that in general, the energy to power the human body is taken directly from the sun. Heat cannot transfer from a cold body to a hot body on a macroscopic scale.
Step-by-step explanation:
The false statement in the given options is: in general, the energy to power the human body is taken directly from the sun. While it is true that energy from the sun is ultimately responsible for providing energy to living organisms, it is not directly used to power the human body. Instead, energy is obtained through the consumption of food, which is then converted into usable energy through cellular respiration.
Methane (CH4) would have a lower heat capacity than isobutane (CH3CH(CH3)CH3) because methane consists of only one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, while isobutane consists of four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms. The greater the number of atoms in a molecule, the greater its heat capacity will be.
Thermal energy is indeed caused by atomic level kinetic energy. The random motion of atoms and molecules gives rise to kinetic energy, which is a form of thermal energy.
In an endothermic reaction, heat enters into a system. Endothermic reactions absorb heat from their surroundings and store it within the system, resulting in an increase in the system's internal energy.
On a macroscopic scale, heat cannot transfer from a cold body to a hot body. Heat always flows from a hotter object to a colder object, following the direction of the temperature gradient.