Final answer:
Strategy includes both organizational and functional strategies, with the former involving high-level, overarching planning, and the latter focusing on detailed operational aspects in specific departments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Strategy encompasses various levels within an organization, including both organizational strategy and functional strategy. Organizational strategy refers to the overarching methods and direction set by high-level management, which guides the company at a macro level. In contrast, functional strategy deals with more specific, detailed aspects of operations within individual departments such as marketing, finance, or human resources. Perspective 'c' in the reference material provided suggests that the focus of organizational strategy is on the hierarchical roles, while functional strategy is part of the holistic view of the organization. Similarly, perspective 'd' indicates that organizational strategy deals with large-scale issues that a group faces, whereas functional strategy looks into the detailed operational aspects.