Final answer:
1. An allele is an alternative form of a gene. 2. The recessive allele only affects the phenotype in the homozygous condition. 3. Two individuals with a certain phenotype do not necessarily have the same genotype. 4. The genotype of a tall, green plant that is homozygous for each trait would be TTGG and the phenotype would be tall and green.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. What is an allele?
An allele is an alternative form of a gene. In diploid organisms, an individual has two alleles for a particular gene, one inherited from each parent. Alleles can be dominant or recessive, and they determine the traits or characteristics expressed by an organism.
2. What is the type of allele that only affects the phenotype in the homozygous condition?
The type of allele that only affects the phenotype in the homozygous condition is the recessive allele. It is expressed when an individual is homozygous recessive (having two copies of the recessive allele).
3. If two individuals have a certain phenotype, does that mean they must have the same genotype?
No, two individuals with a certain phenotype do not necessarily have the same genotype. Different genotypes can result in the same phenotype. For example, a pea plant that is homozygous dominant (TT) and a pea plant that is heterozygous (Tt) both exhibit the tall phenotype.
4. A tall, green plant is homozygous for each trait. If T is the tall allele, and G is the green allele, what is the genotype and the phenotype of this plant?
The genotype of this plant would be TTGG (homozygous for both traits). The phenotype of this plant would be tall and green.