Final answer:
The Roman Republic featured a blend of democratic, aristocratic, and monarchical elements, with a Senate comprised of aristocrats and two annually-elected consuls who held considerable power but could check each other's authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Roman Republic was governed by a complex system that included elected consuls, a legislative body composed of the Senate and various assemblies, and a layered social class system. Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Senate, which managed state finances and administrative duties.
Additionally, two consuls were elected annually to preside over the Senate and command the military, each with significant power but with mechanisms in place to check each other's authority. The governmental system during the Roman Republic period was intricately tied to the religious institutions, which played a significant role in the state's functions.
Over time, the constitution of the Republic evolved to a blend of democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy, with the Senate's role fluctuating in its scope of power but always remaining a central component of Roman governance.