Final answer:
The revival of trade in Europe ended the Middle Ages and led to the Renaissance, fostering social, cultural, and economic changes that introduced a new era centered around humanism, arts, and innovation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The revival that helped put an end to the Middle Ages and gave rise to the Renaissance was the revival of trade. This change led to the end of Europe's feudal systems and ushered in a new era of cultural and political society. As trade expanded, particularly along the Silk Road, it created a demand for luxury goods from the East and led to an influx of money. This increased wealth supported social mobility, contributing to the creation of a middle class with disposable income to spend on arts and education. Simultaneously, the philosophy of humanism, emphasizing the values and learning from classical Greece and Rome, influenced education and thought. Innovations in arts, architecture, and engineering thrived, shifting European art from being merely utilitarian to having aesthetic significance, and intellectuals sought to recover, interpret, and assimilate the culture of ancient civilizations.