Final answer:
The resistance movements in India first focused on self-rule and political reform but shifted to emphasize civil disobedience and nonviolent protests in the 1930s, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
Step-by-step explanation:
The resistance movements in India initially focused on the demand for self-rule and political reform. This was evident with the establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885, which aimed to protest against unfair treatment and advocate for political change. However, starting in the 1930s, there was a shift in focus and purpose. The movement began to emphasize civil disobedience and nonviolent protests under the leadership of Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi, who adopted these strategies as a means to achieve independence from British colonial rule.