Final answer:
Arid climates are characterized by very little rainfall, leading to dry conditions like those found in deserts. These regions have extreme temperatures and low humidity, which can result in large temperature swings between day and night. Despite the harsh conditions, humans inhabit these areas, and local flora and fauna have adapted to survive the lack of water. Option a they receive very little rainfall is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
From the name 'arid climates', we can infer that these regions receive very little rainfall. The term arid suggests dryness, which is characteristic of deserts and dry regions where evaporation typically exceeds precipitation. Arid climates, such as those found in the Sahara Desert in northern Africa or the central Australian deserts, have low annual precipitation—often less than 30 cm (12 inches) per year.
Moreover, temperatures in arid climates can be extreme, with very high temperatures during the day and significant cooling at night due to the low humidity and lack of water vapor in the air that could retain heat. Despite these challenging conditions, humans can and do live in arid regions, but the lack of water and unpredictable rainfall impose limitations on agriculture and population density.
To survive in these environments, both plants and animals have evolved special adaptations such as deep roots, water-storing capabilities, and nocturnal behavior.