Final answer:
The state legislature (c) is the body responsible for passing new laws on student testing, as it has the authority to enact, amend, and repeal laws within a state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The body responsible for passing new laws on student testing is c) the state legislature. The state legislature is the branch of government that has the authority to enact, amend, and repeal laws within a state. In the context of education, while the state board of education, state department of education, and state commissioner of education may have regulatory or executive functions related to policy implementation and enforcement, it is the Legislature that formally creates and passes laws that can mandate or change student testing requirements.
For example, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) mentioned in the reference information indicates how Congress, a legislative body on the federal level, passed a law changing the federal role in education, including aspects related to student testing. The state legislature functions in a similar capacity at the state level.