Final answer:
John Adams encountered significant political division due to sectionalism, with the Quasi-War with France and the Alien and Sedition Acts exacerbating political tensions and contributing to the Federalists' loss of power in 1800.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Adams faced the problem of political division as a result of sectionalism. This issue was a central challenge during his presidency, leading to significant conflicts within the Federalist Party, as well as tensions between the Federalists and the emerging Republican Party. One of the main events that highlighted these divisions was the Quasi-War with France following the XYZ Affair. Furthermore, Adams's administration also pushed through the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, which were met with great opposition by the Republicans. These acts, aimed at suppressing the Republicans, exacerbated the sectional crisis and set the stage for a shift in power to Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party in 1800.
The correct answer to the student's question is B) Political division.