Final answer:
A convergent boundary, also known as a subduction boundary, is characterized by the creation of volcanoes. This occurs when an oceanic plate subducts beneath another plate, leading to partial melting of the mantle and subsequent volcanic eruptions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The boundary characterized by the creation of volcanoes is the convergent boundary (d) Subduction boundary. At a convergent boundary, tectonic plates are moving toward each other and can lead to the formation of volcanoes in several ways.
One common way is through the process of subduction, where an oceanic plate plunges beneath a continental plate or another oceanic plate into the mantle.
As the subducting plate descends, it undergoes partial melting due to the increasing temperature with depth and the release of water from the hydrated minerals present in the oceanic crust. This water reduces the melting point of the overlying mantle, leading to magma formation. The magma then rises to the surface, resulting in volcanic eruptions.
Volcanoes are typically not associated with divergent boundaries, where plates are moving away from each other, or with transform boundaries, where plates slide past one another horizontally.
While there is some volcanism at divergent boundaries, such as at mid-ocean ridges, it is not as commonly associated with the creation of large volcanic structures as it is with convergent boundaries, particularly subduction zones.