Final Answer:
Employees at all levels must be able to communicate well is a characteristic of communication in a Systems/Contingency organization. Therefore, the correct option is b
Step-by-step explanation:
In a Systems/Contingency organization, effective communication is a crucial characteristic for the smooth functioning of the system. The option "b" stating that "Employees at all levels must be able to communicate well" aligns with the principles of Systems/Contingency theory. This approach recognizes the interdependence of various organizational components, emphasizing the need for seamless communication across different levels and functions.
Firstly, effective communication ensures that information flows efficiently within the organization, allowing for timely decision-making and adaptation to contingencies. This aligns with the core concept of Systems/Contingency theory, which posits that organizations must be flexible and responsive to external factors. When employees at all levels can communicate effectively, the organization becomes better equipped to handle changes and uncertainties.
Secondly, the emphasis on communication at all levels reflects the interconnected nature of the organization as a system. Communication is not limited to a single direction but involves interactions between different elements of the organization. This holistic communication approach supports the adaptability and responsiveness required in Systems/Contingency organizations, enabling them to thrive in dynamic environments.
In conclusion, the characteristic of effective communication at all levels (option b) is integral to the Systems/Contingency organizational model. This communication strategy aligns with the theory's principles by fostering adaptability, responsiveness, and the efficient flow of information within the organization.