Final answer:
Force and time have a direct relationship when calculating impulse: impulse increases proportionally with either the force applied or the time interval over which it is applied.
Step-by-step explanation:
When calculating impulse, the relationship between force and time is a direct relationship (b). Impulse (J) is calculated by multiplying the force applied to an object by the time interval for which the force is applied. If we consider a force that varies over time, an effective average force (Feff) can be used to calculate impulse, yielding the same result as the variable force over the same time interval.
For example, if a 100 N force is applied to two objects of the same mass for different durations, the object that experiences the force for the longer time interval will receive a greater impulse, thus acquiring more momentum. This reflects the direct relationship where increasing the time of application of the force or the force itself results in a proportionate increase in impulse.