Question

Electrons from NADHs and FADH2s provide energy to pump what molecules outward across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A) Protons
B) Electrons
C) Oxygen
D) Water

Answer 1

Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient essential for ATP production.

Step-by-step explanation:

The electrons released from NADH and FADH2 during the electron transport chain provide the energy necessary to pump protons (H+ ions) outward across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This process creates a proton gradient which is essential for the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The mitochondria utilize this gradient in a process called chemiosmosis, during which the protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP.