Final answer:
The karyotypic abnormality expected if a cell has 150% more of a protein than normal is aneuploidy. Aneuploidy can result in an abnormal number of chromosomes and subsequent overexpression of genes, including those for certain proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a cell has 150% more of a protein than what is considered normal, we can infer that there is an increase in genetic material directly tied to the production of that protein. The type of karyotypic abnormality that would be expected from this excess is most likely aneuploidy, which is when a cell has an abnormal number of chromosomes, such as extra copies. This could result in the overexpression of genes, including those that code for proteins, and thus, an increased amount of certain proteins. Aneuploidies can occur through various mechanisms, including nondisjunction during cell division, where chromosomes fail to separate properly.
In comparison to the other options, translocation involves segments of chromosomes breaking and reattaching to different chromosomes, potentially causing disease if a gene's function is disrupted, but not necessarily resulting in an increase in protein amount. A deletion would typically lead to a loss of genetic material and likely a decrease in the production of certain proteins, not an increase. Lastly, an inversion involves a segment of a chromosome being flipped in orientation, which could disrupt gene function but again would not typically lead to an increase in protein amount.