Final answer:
The First Amendment clause that prohibits the government from setting up a state-supported religion is the Establishment Clause, and the correct answer is C) Separation of Church and State.
Step-by-step explanation:
The clause in the First Amendment that prohibits the government from establishing a state-supported religion is known as the Establishment Clause.
This part of the Amendment ensures the separation of church and state, preventing the federal government from favoring one religion over another or officially recognizing an official state religion. The correct answer to the question is C) Separation of Church and State. The Amendment also protects other fundamental freedoms such as the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, and the right to peacefully assemble.