Final answer:
Videotaping patients without their knowledge as part of a study fails to uphold ethical research guidelines, specifically the principle of informed consent. The Hawthorne effect, meanwhile, refers to the alteration of subjects' behavior due to awareness of being observed, which contrasts with the ethical breach presented in non-consensual videotaping.
Step-by-step explanation:
When conducting research, particularly that involving human subjects, it is imperative for researchers to adhere to ethical guidelines. One of these guidelines is the requirement to obtain informed consent from participants, ensuring that they are aware of their participation and the purposes of the study. In the scenario provided, videotaping patients without their knowledge violates the principle of informed consent and raises serious ethical concerns.
The practice of informed consent makes sure that subjects are informed about the study they are a part of. However, there are specific situations, such as observational studies in public settings, where informed consent might be altered due to practical issues, but even in such cases, the privacy and autonomy of subjects should be respected as much as possible.
One ethical challenge researchers might face is the Hawthorne effect, where subjects alter their behavior because they are aware they are being studied. On the contrary, in the case where patients do not know they are being taped, the issue is not the Hawthorne effect but the violation of their privacy and a lack of informed consent.