Final answer:
A dipeptide forms through dehydration synthesis between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, releasing water and creating a peptide bond. Maltose is formed similarly by two glucose molecules joining through an α(1→4) glycosidic bond, again releasing water.
Step-by-step explanation:
To illustrate the formation of a dipeptide, we can look at the process called a dehydration synthesis reaction, where two amino acids join together. During this reaction, the carboxyl group (-COOH) of one amino acid reacts with the amine group (-NH2) of another, releasing a molecule of water (H2O) and forming a peptide bond. The structural formula for a dipeptide would be something like H2N-CHR-CO-NH-CHR-COOH, where 'R' represents the side chain of each amino acid.
For maltose, two glucose molecules undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction similar to amino acids. One glucose molecule contributes a hydroxyl group (-OH) from carbon 1 (forming an alpha-α-glycosidic bond), and the other contributes a hydrogen atom (H). This also results in the release of a water molecule and the formation of maltose with the molecular formula C12H22O11. The structural formula shows the two glucose units connected through an α(1→4) glycosidic bond.