Final Answer:
Sodium chloride (NaCl): Cation - Sodium ion (Na⁺), Anion - Chloride ion (Cl⁻).
Calcium oxide (CaO): Cation - Calcium ion (Ca²⁺), Anion - Oxide ion (O²⁻).
Aluminum sulfide (Al₂S₃): Cation - Aluminum ion (Al³⁺), Anion - Sulfide ion (S²⁻).
Step-by-step explanation:
Sodium chloride (NaCl): The compound consists of a sodium cation (Na⁺) and a chloride anion (Cl⁻). Sodium loses one electron to become a positively charged ion, while chlorine gains one electron to become a negatively charged ion.
Calcium oxide (CaO): In calcium oxide, the cation is the calcium ion (Ca²⁺), formed by losing two electrons, and the anion is the oxide ion (O²⁻), formed by gaining two electrons.
Aluminum sulfide (Al₂S₃): Aluminum sulfide is composed of aluminum cations (Al³⁺) and sulfide anions (S²⁻). Aluminum loses three electrons to form a 3+ cation, while sulfur gains two electrons to form a 2- anion.
In summary, each compound is made up of specific cations and anions with charges determined by their electron loss or gain during chemical bonding.