Final answer:
The lytic cycle is the process where a bacteriophage makes copies of its genetic material, bursts the cell and then spreads, which corresponds to option 'b. lytic'. The lysogenic cycle, where viral genetic material integrates into the host cell's DNA, corresponds to option 'c. lysogenic'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lytic cycle makes copies of its genetic material in the cell, bursts the cell, then spreads its viral material. Therefore, the correct answer is b. lytic.
In the lysogenic cycle, the viral genetic material is integrated into the host cell's DNA. Hence, the correct answer is c. lysogenic.
Bacteriophages can undergo two types of replication cycles: the lytic and lysogenic cycles. In the lytic cycle, the bacteriophage infects a cell, hijacks its machinery to produce new phage particles, and then lyses the cell to release the progeny, potentially leading to a rapid increase in virus population. The lysogenic cycle, on the other hand, involves the integration of the phage genome into the host cell's genome, forming a prophage, which is replicated along with the host's DNA and can remain dormant for long periods. When triggered by environmental stressors, the prophage can excise itself from the host genome and enter the lytic cycle.