Final answer:
Rocks recycle through the rock cycle, with igneous rocks forming from cooling molten material, sedimentary rocks from accumulation and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks from heat and pressure alterations of existing rocks. The correct option explaining how each rock type can form from another is option a).
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of rocks can transform from one form to another through various geological processes, which is the basis of the rock cycle. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. These include rocks like basalt, obsidian, and granite. Sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones, shales, and limestones, are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can be fragments of other rocks or remains of living organisms. Lastly, metamorphic rocks are created when existing igneous or sedimentary rocks are subjected to substantial heat and pressure, resulting in a physical or chemical alteration without melting.
Through Earth's geological activity, rocks are recycled over time. Igneous rocks can form into sedimentary rocks when broken down into sediments and then compacted and cemented together. Conversely, sedimentary rocks can be transformed into metamorphic rocks when subjected to intense heat and pressure conditions, which can cause changes in mineral composition and texture. Similarly, metamorphic rocks can also melt to form igneous rocks if the temperatures are high enough. This interconversion allows for the cyclical nature of rock formation.
The correct explanation of how each of the three types of rocks can form from rocks of other types is option a). Igneous rocks form from the cooling of molten material, sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks.