Final answer:
The process capability ratio measures how well a process can produce output within specified limits, calculated by dividing the specification range by six times the standard deviation. It reflects the efficiency of a process in meeting customer requirements and is influenced by resources and technology that improve production possibilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process capability ratio is a statistical measure used in process control that quantifies how well a process can produce output within specified limits. It is calculated by dividing the specification range (or the range of acceptable values of the process output) by the process spread, which is typically six times the standard deviation of the process. This statistical measure is crucial in determining the effectiveness and efficiency of a production process, providing insight into the ability of the process to meet customer requirements.
To calculate the process capability ratio, it is essential to have accurate data on both the specification limits and the process variability. This measure can be greatly affected by improvements in resources and technology, such as using a calculator and a computer, which increase production possibilities and improve the quality of process outputs. For example, using more advanced machinery may reduce the variability of output, thereby increasing the process capability ratio.
A process capability ratio greater than 1 indicates that the process is capable of producing within specification limits most of the time, whereas a ratio less than 1 suggests that the process needs improvement as it frequently produces defectives or outside of the specifications.