Final answer:
The only true statement is d) The Earth revolves around the Sun, based on the Copernican heliocentric model. Other statements regarding the composition of the Moon, the shape of the Earth, and the orbital relationship between the Earth and the Sun are incorrect.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is d) The Earth revolves around the Sun. This is a fundamental concept in astronomy that is supported by the Copernican model of the solar system. The heliocentric (sun-centered) model, proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, states that the Earth is one of several planets that orbit around the Sun. This has been confirmed by many lines of astronomical evidence and is a cornerstone of modern astronomy.
Statements a), b), and c) represent outdated or incorrect views. The Moon is not made of green cheese, the Earth is not flat, and the Sun does not revolve around the Earth. Instead, our solar system is heliocentric, with the Earth and other planets orbiting the Sun, and the Moon orbiting the Earth. The gravitational forces at play result in these orbits, further described by Newton's law of gravitation.