Final answer:
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are derived from ancient organic matter and have become a foundational energy source due to their abundance, energy density, and versatility. Their storage and transport capabilities make them particularly convenient, warranting their classification as cheap, easy to use, and effective. Therefore, the correct answer is 'd) All of the above'.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fossil fuels, including coal, oil (petroleum), and natural gas, are energy sources with a high hydrocarbon content that originated from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals. These ancient organisms were subjected to immense pressure under layers of the Earth's crust, transforming them into the solid, liquid, and gaseous forms of fuels we use today.
Not only are fossil fuels abundant enough to supply approximately 80% of global energy needs, but they are also remarkably versatile, capable of providing heat, electricity, and transportation fuel. The ease of use and effectiveness of fossil fuels are clear, presenting solutions to intermittency issues that some alternative energy sources face. Additionally, their energy density is orders of magnitude higher than that found in our best battery technologies, making them nearly perfect energy storage media. Indeed, fossil fuels can be stored indefinitely without loss of energy and transported safely and efficiently, benefits not all alternative storage solutions can offer.
Given the descriptive characteristics above, the correct answer to the question 'Fossil fuels are:' would be d) All of the above. Fossil fuels are cheap as they have historically provided a cost-effective energy source, easy to use as there is a well-established infrastructure for their extraction, distribution, and use; and effective as they generate a significant amount of energy upon consumption. However, it's worth noting that cost-effectiveness is a complex factor that can change with market dynamics, accessibility, and the environmental costs not initially factored into their price.