Final answer:
The term for the document issued by the EEOC that gives an employee the right to sue an employer in federal court is the 'right-to-sue letter'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) that grants an employee the legal right to sue an employer in federal court is known as the right-to-sue letter. This letter is typically issued once the EEOC has completed its investigation into a discrimination complaint. If the EEOC determines that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that discrimination occurred, it will issue the right-to-sue letter to the employee, allowing them to pursue the case in federal court on their own. The right-to-sue letter is important because it signifies the closure of the EEOC's investigation and the employee's opportunity to seek judicial redress.