Final answer:
In research, informed consent must thoroughly explain the study's purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, alternatives, and the voluntary nature of participation. Consent must be explicitly obtained and documented.
Step-by-step explanation:
In research, informed consent is a crucial ethical and legal requirement, particularly when human participants are involved. Researchers must provide participants with all the necessary information to make an informed decision about taking part in a study. This includes explaining the purpose of the research, the procedures to be followed, any risks associated with participation, potential benefits, alternatives to participation, and ensuring the confidentiality of the data collected. Participants must be informed that their involvement is entirely voluntary and that they can withdraw at any time without penalty. Moreover, explicit consent must be obtained, usually in written form. In cases involving minors, consent must be obtained from parents or legal guardians.