Final answer:
Ocean waves are not perfectly sinusoidal, velocity changes because it is a vector, and turning up the volume increases intensity, not pitch.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct interval notation for the given scenarios varies, but based on the provided information, answers can be clarified. For example, ocean waves are not perfectly sinusoidal (a). When discussing velocity and whether there's a change, we must consider that velocity is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. Therefore, any change in direction or speed results in a change of velocity, making (b) the correct answer.
In the context of stereo systems, turning up the volume will increase the intensity, but it will not change the pitch of the sound; pitch is related to frequency, not loudness (GRASP CHECK). Concerning circuits, the question related to them being open or closed depends on the context and whether a current can flow (b, c, d).