Final answer:
Ataxia is a lack of coordination due to conditions affecting the cerebellum which leads to poor gait and balance, and can be caused by genetic disorders, lesions, or substance exposure. Gait exams are used for assessment. The disorder impacts everyday activities and movement control.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Ataxia
Ataxia refers to a group of movement disorders characterized by a lack of coordination, affecting a person's gait, balance, and posture. It is commonly associated with damage to the cerebellum, the part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating movement.
Causes and Manifestations of Ataxia
Ataxia can result from various causes such as genetic disorders, like spinocerebellar ataxia, focal lesions from strokes, tumors, trauma, or even due to the intake of certain exogenous substances like alcohol. Symptoms include poor coordination of limbs, balance problems, and difficulty in walking with a normal gait. Assessments such as gait exams, including tests like tandem gait, can help in diagnosing the degree of ataxia.
Functional Impact of Cerebellar Ataxia
Cerebellar ataxia can lead to issues with everyday activities, such as trouble walking upstairs or coordinating movements. The condition often impairs both axial and appendicular musculature, making tasks that require fine motor skills or balanced movements particularly challenging. Therapy often includes targeting these areas to regain some level of independence.