Final answer:
Securing a debtor's property as security for a debt is known as a lien, which refers to collateral used to protect the lender's interests.
Step-by-step explanation:
The act of securing a debtor's property as security or payment for a debt is referred to as a lien. In the context of financial capital markets and banking, this is closely related to the concept of collateral, which is something valuable—often property or equipment—that a lender would have a right to seize and sell if the borrower does not repay the loan. This security gives the lender a claim over the borrower’s property, ensuring they have a form of protection should the borrower default on their obligations.