Final answer:
The dura mater is a tough outer membrane that protects the CNS and encases major blood vessels, attached to the cranium. When bleeding occurs beneath it, a subdural hematoma can form, leading to increased pressure and potential brain damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Dura Mater and Subdural Hematoma
The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is named from Latin, meaning "tough mother," indicative of its role in providing physical protection. This durable layer encloses the central nervous system (CNS) and major blood vessels. It is anchored to the bones of the cranium, extending to the end of the vertebral cavity. The dura mater also contains structures known as dural sinuses, such as the superior sagittal sinus, which are responsible for draining blood from the brain back to the heart.
Beneath the dura mater is the arachnoid mater, and under that, the pia mater, which directly contacts and covers the CNS. The space filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the arachnoid and pia maters is crucial for cushioning the brain and facilitating the circulation of substances.
When blood vessels rupture beneath the dura mater but outside of the brain tissue, it can lead to a subdural hematoma. This type of hemorrhage can lead to increased intracranial pressure and potentially harmful brain damage if not treated promptly.