Final answer:
The secretary of state is the position appointed by the governor, responsible for maintaining official records and supervising elections, among other duties. Option d is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The position among the listed choices that is appointed by the governor is the secretary of state. Unlike other major executive positions such as the lieutenant governor, attorney general, and insurance commissioner, which are elected roles, the secretary of state is appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate.
This appointed official serves during the term of the governor who made the appointment. The role of the secretary of state includes maintaining official records of all laws and official acts of the governor, supervision of elections, and various other duties required by law. In some cases, like Texas, the secretary of state's duties also include the oversight of elections and corporate filings.