Final answer:
The Maurya government maintained centralized and authoritative control with a strong military and bureaucracy, but during Ashoka's reign, it also incorporated Buddhist humanitarian ideals, creating a compassionate governance focused on societal welfare. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between the Maurya government and the people it governed can best be described as a centralized and authoritative system. The Mauryan Empire, which flourished under Emperors like Chandragupta and his grandson Ashoka, had a strict and efficient administrative structure.
This empire boasted a strong military and bureaucracy. It was renowned for major accomplishments such as a vast army, administered by a specialized war office, and a civilian bureaucracy that handled various state functions including industry, agriculture, taxation, road construction, and irrigation systems.
Furthermore, during the reign of Emperor Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire saw the incorporation of Buddhist ideals with measures that aimed at improving societal welfare. Ashoka's transformation from a warrior to a peace-seeking ruler allowed the promulgation of new laws providing protections for many including the sick, poor, and travelers. It led to developments such as hospitals, schools, and the renovation of roads. Despite the strong central control, the latter part of the Mauryan rule under Ashoka reflected an approach to governance that was compassionate and focused on the well-being of its citizens.