Final answer:
Distributive justice is concerned with the fairness in the allocation of wealth, goods, and services in society. The debate includes moral and practical aspects of society's resource distribution, influenced heavily by John Rawls' two principles of justice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of the question pertains to the study of justice, particularly the differentiation between procedural justice and distributive justice. Procedural justice focuses on the fairness of processes that lead to outcomes or decisions. Conversely, distributive justice deals with the fairness of outcome distributions within a society, relating to wealth, goods, and services. One of the significant scholarly contributions to distributive justice was made by John Rawls, who proposed two principles of justice to ensure fairness and equality in a society. These principles ignited an ongoing debate about balancing individual freedom with the needs of others, especially the poor and disadvantaged.
Understanding distributive justice is crucial because it encompasses moral, social, and practical considerations that influence how resources are allocated in various societies. Whether it advocates for equal distribution or minimal government interference, the underlying principle behind distributive justice is to reflect a society's moral ideals in its material goods and services allocation.