Final answer:
Tone, rate, volume, and disfluencies are aspects of paralanguage, which is a component of non-verbal communication that modifies meaning and conveys emotion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tone, rate, volume, and disfluencies are all aspects of paralanguage. Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion, which can include the pitch, tone, and volume of speech, as well as speaking rate and minor vocalizations such as uhms and ahs that are termed as disfluencies. These elements are important voiced cultural considerations, signaling attitudes or emotions of the speaker and influencing how the spoken message is received and interpreted by others.