Final answer:
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune condition that results in the destruction of myelin sheath around neurons, leading to loss of sensation and function. It is often triggered by an infection and can cause tingling, weakness, and eventually paralysis. GBS primarily affects the peripheral nerves and can have serious complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare condition that can be preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, resulting in an autoimmune reaction against myelinated nerve cells. This autoimmune response leads to the destruction of the myelin sheath around neurons, causing a loss of sensation and function. The initial symptoms include tingling and weakness, which gradually intensify over several weeks. In severe cases, GBS can lead to complete paralysis and can be life-threatening.
GBS is often triggered by infections from various pathogens, including Campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Zika virus. Antibodies from patients with GBS have been found to recognize C. jejuni, suggesting a possible cross-reactive immune response. The inflammation in GBS primarily affects the peripheral nerves, leading to sensory symptoms, motor deficits, and autonomic failures that can cause changes in heart rhythm and blood pressure.