Final answer:
The product used to improve adhesion and prepare the nail surface for acrylics is a primer, which may contain toxic chemicals such as DBP, toluene, and formaldehyde.
Step-by-step explanation:
The substance that improves adhesion and prepares the nail surface for bonding with the acrylic material is called a primer. Primers are used in the nail industry to clean and dehydrate the natural nail, ensuring that the acrylic product adheres better and reduces the chances of lifting. Nail products, including primers, may contain toxic chemicals like dibutyl phthalate (DBP), toluene, and formaldehyde, which have various health concerns associated with them. It's important to take precautions when using these products to minimize exposure to these chemicals.