Final answer:
Hodgkin disease, or Hodgkin lymphoma, is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. These cells are identified through a tissue biopsy and immunohistochemistry, and their distinctive two-nuclei appearance helps differentiate Hodgkin lymphoma from other types.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hodgkin disease, also known as Hodgkin lymphoma, is differentiated by the presence of characteristic cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. These cells are unusually large and carry two nuclei, giving them a distinctive "owl's eye" appearance when viewed under a microscope. To diagnose Hodgkin disease, a biopsy is performed, and the tissue is examined using techniques such as immunohistochemistry to identify specific cell-surface antigens. This technique can reveal the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are typically derived from B lymphocytes. Lymphoma most commonly affects B or T lymphocytes, with Hodgkin lymphoma being a distinct type, whereas non-Hodgkin lymphoma has around 60 different subtypes, depending on the affected cells.