Final answer:
To open an airway without head or neck injury, use the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. If someone is choking and unable to cough the object out, use back blows and the Heimlich maneuver. If the person is unconscious and not breathing, begin CPR with chest compressions at a rate of 100 compressions per minute.
Step-by-step explanation:
To open a person's airway when there is no head or neck injury, a method called the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver should be used. This maneuver is performed by placing one hand on the person's forehead and the fingertips of the other hand under the tip of the chin. You then need to tilt the head back gently by pushing down on the forehead while lifting the chin up to straighten the airway. It is important that this is done carefully and gently to avoid causing any harm if there is a spinal injury that has not been detected.
In case of choking, you should first encourage the person to cough to dislodge the object. If coughing does not work, deliver five back blows between the individual's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand to try to dislodge the object. If the back blows fail, apply the Heimlich maneuver or abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled or emergency medical care arrives.
For situations where the individual is unconscious, CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) may be necessary after clearing the airway and ensuring they are breathing. Chest compressions should be delivered at a depth of 5 cm and a rate of 100 compressions per minute, which is the rhythm of the song "Staying Alive" by the Bee Gees, to manually pump blood through the heart and to the brain and other vital organs.