Final answer:
Metastasis occurs when cancer cells travel from their original location to a new one. The CAUTION acronym describes cancer warning signs, and staging determines cancer spread while grading indicates cell behavior. Radiation treatments include EBRT, brachytherapy, and systemic therapy, while precautions involve safety protocols, especially after a sealed internal implant falls out.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of cancer cells traveling from the original location to a new place is called metastasis. The acronym used to describe the warning signs of cancer is CAUTION, which stands for Changes in bowel or bladder habits; A sore that does not heal; Unusual bleeding or discharge; Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere; Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing; Obvious change in a wart or mole; Nagging cough or hoarseness.
The difference between staging and grading of cancer is quite distinct; staging determines the extent of the cancer's spread in the body, whereas grading examines the cancer cells' appearance and behavior to predict how quickly the cancer will grow and spread.
There are three types of radiation treatment: external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy (internal radiation), and systemic radiation therapy. Patients receiving radiation therapy must adhere to safety precautions, including maintaining a specific distance from others during certain types of therapy to avoid exposure, proper handling of bodily fluids, and skin care instructions to prevent irritation at the radiation site.
The most dangerous type of radiation is considered to be ionizing radiation, particularly high-level gamma rays and X-rays, due to their energy levels and penetration capabilities.
If a sealed internal implant falls out, such as a cervical implant, the nurse should follow specific safety protocols, usually involving not touching the implant directly, securing the area, notifying radiation safety personnel, and following the facility's emergency procedures.
During chemotherapy, antiemetic drugs are typically given to reduce nausea. A commonly used medication is ondansetron (Zofran). Neupogen (filgrastim) is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used to stimulate the production of white blood cells after chemotherapy.
The best time to perform a breast self-exam is about a week after the menstrual period starts when the breasts are least likely to be swollen and tender. In contrast, the best time to do a testicular self-exam is after a warm bath or shower, when the scrotum is relaxed. After a mastectomy, patients should avoid strenuous activities that might put stress on the affected side, including lifting heavy objects or performing repetitive movements. Post-mastectomy education may include exercises to regain range of motion, symptoms to report to the physician, and tips for dealing with emotional and physical adjustments.