Final answer:
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is caused by the abnormal growth of the prostate gland, leading to constriction of the urethra and urinary symptoms. Treatment ranges from medication for mild cases to surgery for severe cases, and it's important to distinguish BPH from prostate cancer, which has similar symptoms but is much more serious.
Step-by-step explanation:
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is primarily caused by the abnormal growth of the prostate gland. The prostate, which normally doubles in size during puberty, begins to enlarge gradually again around the age of 25. This growth in itself is expected and usually does not cause issues. However, when the growth becomes excessive, it leads to BPH, which can constrict the urethra as it passes through the prostate. This constriction can result in lower urinary tract symptoms such as a frequent need to urinate, a weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying. By age 60, about 40 percent of males experience some degree of BPH, and by age 80, the incidence can rise to as many as 80 percent.
While BPH is not linked to prostate cancer, their symptoms can be similar. Treatment for BPH aims to alleviate the pressure on the urethra to allow more normal urine flow, with mild to moderate symptoms often managed with medication, and severe cases being treated surgically. It is important to distinguish between BPH and prostate cancer, which is the second most common cancer in males, and the diagnosis for cancer is confirmed with a medical history, a blood test, and a rectal exam followed by a biopsy if needed.
Risk factors for BPH can include a diet high in meat, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and high blood pressure, among others. Though there are many factors, leading a healthy lifestyle may help manage or prevent BPH.